Cardiovascular disease Patient Demographics

Cardiovascular issues tend to affect the elderly population with up to 20% of patients presenting over the age of 60 according to the Department of health and social care, (2013). This data reinforces a concern raised by the World Health Organisation, (2022) who predict that by 2030 the worldwide population over the age of 60 will be 1 in 6, this will impact nations around the world with high costs, harder to treat patients and a larger population attempting to access medical services.

Diabetes

Diabetes effects more than 4.4 million people in the United Kingdom with Diabetes UK, (2023) estimating that 90% of those living with diabetes are Type 2. Additionally, diabetes can be more prevalent in ethnic groups such as the Asian and Black communities (Pham et al, 2019). Complications of diabetes can impact cardiovascular health, increasing the likelihood of strokes, heart attacks, heart failure and amputations (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2023). 

Image:(Kaushal , 2020)

Smoking

In the UK as of 2022 12.9% of the population smokes, that is around 6.4 million people(Offices of national statistics, 2023).This habit increases cardiovascular disease risks potentially narrowing the blood vessels throughout the body, causing heart attacks, strokes and decreased blood supply to peripheral appendages, leading to conditions like peripheral vascular disease (British Heart Foundation, 2023). However Keto et al, (2016) does state that if someone stopped smoke the risk of developing cardiovascular issues reduces to that of those who have never smoked.    

Image:(Everyone health, 2024)

Obesity 

Obesity is a ongoing concern for healthcare providers with a report from Baker. (2023) which states that a total of 68.3% of adults in England are considered overweight or obese, this impacts the quality of health of this population leading to further comorbidities as suggested by NICE. (2023) such as Asthma, cancer and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Image:(Cleveland clinic Abu Dhabi, 2017)

Ethnicity 

Ethnicity is believed to be a contributing factor to the incidence of cardiovascular disease as suggested by the British Heart Foundation. (2021) this may present in a increased risk of diabetes or heart disease which is supported by George et al. (2017).

Image:(Hermans, 2021)

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